El 18 de diciembre se celebró un día mundial dedicado a 184 millones de personas, el 2,3% de la población mundial. Fue el Día del Migrante, de las personas que viven fuera del país que las vio nacer. Los motivos que mueven a las personas a migrar son incontables, pero actualmente tienen una gran importancia las consecuencias del cambio climático, los conflictos bélicos y las desigualdades económicas y sociales en los diferentes puntos del planeta. Todas conocemos historias en primera persona como la que nos compartió Eman, miembro del grupo Migración y Salud de ISGlobal. Son historias que hacen que nuestra opinión respecto a la migración se acerque a la del imaginario colectivo o se aleje.
Según el último barómetro CIS, los españoles perciben la “inmigración” como el quinto problema más importante que afronta el país, por encima de la crisis económica o de la calidad del empleo. El discurso de algunos partidos políticos y de algunos medios de comunicación que señalan a los migrantes como usurpadores (de vivienda, trabajo y ayudas sociales), sin ninguna base real, crea estos problemas que van pasando de boca a oreja, se consolidan y se convierten en un motivo de preocupación infundada. La migración, lejos de ser un problema, resulta muchas veces la consecuencia de muchos problemas y la solución a muchos otros. La realidad migratoria es una oportunidad para integrar las diferentes realidades en nuestro día a día y en todos los aspectos de la vida.
Diversidad cultural: una historia personal y profesional
Como hija y pareja de migrantes me acerqué a esta realidad de manera muy sensible, es una parte fundamental de mi historia personal. Como médico de familia y comunitaria que atiende a diario a pacientes que provienen de realidades culturales y sociales muy diversas, lo viví como una necesidad incesante de nuevas formaciones que me ayuden a hacer mi trabajo de la mejor manera posible y participar en investigaciones de alta aplicabilidad que faciliten nuestra manera de trabajar.
Atender a migrantes en Atención Primaria
Siempre se había dicho que migraban los más sanos y fuertes. Han pasado los años y han cambiado los patrones. Ahora se desplazan familias enteras, niños de muy corta edad, personas de edad avanzada con una salud más debilitada y adolescentes y jóvenes que hacen, con más o menos suerte, el trayecto migratorio solos. A los profesionales casi no nos hablaron de diversidad en las universidades y, si lo hicieron, fue mencionando alguna enfermedad infecciosa endémica en algunos países.
A menudo se habla de “barreras idiomáticas” en lugar de “dificultad idiomática”; de “acompañantes” y no de “mediadores”; de “salud pública” y no de “salud individual”; de “individuos” y no de “comunidades”. Quizás aquí residen muchas de las claves, en enfoques que no se ajustan a los recursos que realmente necesitamos. La realidad es que está demostrado que el acceso a la atención sanitaria es más complicado para la población migrante, y una vez se accede, hay menos diagnósticos y un infratratamiento de las patologías diagnosticadas. Y si los problemas a los que nos enfrentamos son de ámbito de la salud mental, la gestión aumenta mucho en complejidad. Los profesionales suelen sentirse inseguros, las personas migrantes muchas veces no se sienten comprendidas en su malestar, que no se valida y no se ofrece el trato más adecuado. Por todo esto, se están realizando estudios cualitativos junto con la comunidad migrante para poder mejorar el diagnóstico, el seguimiento y el tratamiento de la salud mental en este colectivo. Conociendo las necesidades y mejorando las formaciones de los profesionales en el ámbito de la salud mental, la integración será mucho más sencilla.
Humildad cultural y formación
Los profesionales sanitarios también somos un colectivo diverso, con nuestros prejuicios, nuestras experiencias vividas, nuestros conocimientos y nuestro día a día. La humildad cultural nos permite relacionarnos con curiosidad, empatía y respeto, poniendo a nuestros pacientes en el centro y construyendo con ellos una relación de confianza que sea la base de un sistema sanitario universal y justo para todos. La diversidad que nos aporta la migración, integrada en la sociedad autóctona, la dota de valores que la hacen más acogedora e inclusiva. Miremos a nuestro alrededor el 18 de diciembre y felicitémonos todos por el Día del Migrante.
2026 Catalunya Plural.
9 comentaris
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