La gran preocupación y sensibilidad social en torno a la AP se puede ver en el éxito de la campaña Queremos el 25% por la AP JA , impulsada por Amnistía Internacional, Foro Catalán de Atención Primaria, Marea Blanca, Medicus Mundi Mediterrània, Médicos de Cataluña y Rebelión Atención Primaria, que ha recogido la adhesión de más de 100 entidades, 30 ayuntamientos y más de 2500 firmas individuales.
La AP sufre un déficit presupuestario histórico. Desde 2013 el porcentaje que se dedica es de alrededor del 15%, con excepción de 2020 que bajó al 12%. En cifras absolutas estamos hablando de 1.880 millones de euros en 2021, frente a los 8.031 millones de euros que se destinaron a la atención especializada. La asfixia económica de la AP impacta en los servicios que presta, que se han convertido en menos accesibles y de peor calidad, lo que tiene que ver con el empeoramiento de las enfermedades, los retrasos diagnósticos y el incremento de la mortalidad evitable.
Un 69% de los médicos y médicas de familia afirman estar agotados
La satisfacción de la ciudadanía ha caído un 9% respecto a los resultados de 2018 y entre los profesionales impera el desgaste y el desánimo. Según un estudio realizado por la Sociedad Catalana de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (CAMFiC) y el Instituto de Investigación en Atención Primaria (IDIAP Jordi Gol), un 69% de los médicos de familia afirman estar agotados y un 43% estresados. Una encuesta realizada por la Asociación de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria (AIFICC) pone de manifiesto que el 52% de las enfermeras se ha planteado abandonar la sanidad.
Elaboración propia basada en las memorias anuales del CatSalut
La situación es grave y puede empeorar más si no se toman medidas decididas y bien fundamentadas. Como puede verse en el gráfico, en los últimos ocho años se ha producido un incremento espectacular del gasto del Departamento de Salud, un 60%, que ha ido a parar en su mayor parte a la atención especializada. Esta inversión no se ha correspondido con mejores resultados globales en salud ni en la calidad del sistema, cuyas listas de espera son más largas que nunca.
Puede hablarse de si se necesitan aún más recursos o no, pero hay que reconocer que hay mucho margen de mejora en la gestión de los que ya tenemos. Hace unos años, se reclamaban 5.000 millones de euros para tener suficiente financiación. Desde entonces tenemos otros 4.000 y poco se ha notado. Los gastos que ha supuesto la COVID no justifican la falta de impacto del aumento presupuestario. El sistema tiene bolsas de ineficiencia que es necesario detectar y corregir desde el deber de la buena administración de los recursos públicos. Ineficiencias en servicios terciarios, en el uso de los fármacos, en pruebas y diagnósticos innecesarios o en mala distribución de tareas por colectivos profesionales o ámbitos asistenciales.
El sistema tiene bolsas de ineficiencia que es necesario detectar y corregir
Desde hace años están bien documentados los beneficios de la AP con investigaciones muy sólidas. Y se han identificado las características que se relacionan con estos beneficios, que son la accesibilidad, longitudinalidad, integralidad y capacidad de coordinación de todas las acciones que recibe la persona enferma por parte del sistema sanitario. Cuando una AP es fuerte en estas cuatro dimensiones logra disminuir enfermedades, complicaciones, muertes, ingresos hospitalarios y consultas a especialistas focales y servicios de urgencias. La reducción de enfermedad y de carga asistencial hace que el sistema en su conjunto sea más sostenible y que la inversión pública tenga una elevada rentabilidad social.
En los últimos años se han ido perdiendo los atributos definitorios de la AP, si bien de forma desigual según equipos y territorios. Es tan poco accesible que sólo el 35% de las consultas se realizan en 48 horas y ya no es la principal puerta de entrada al sistema, que ahora son el 061 o los servicios de urgencias. Los profesionales referentes, de cabecera, son cada vez más un espejismo del pasado porque muchas personas no saben ya quién es su médico o enfermera, y si lo saben, a menudo no la encuentran en la consulta. La visión de la persona y de su salud en demasiadas ocasiones se hace por partes, una profesional para cada problema. Y de la capacidad de coordinación basta con decir que algunos especialistas focales se niegan a visitar a enfermos derivados por su médico de familia.
El 25% que se reclama es primordial para la recuperación de la AP, pero por sí solo no será suficiente si no se acompaña de un cambio de paradigma que pase de un sistema centrado en los hospitales, la tecnología y los medicamentos en un sistema centrado en la AP.
El consejero Balcells ha anunciado un incremento presupuestario que se concretará en los presupuestos de la Generalitat que se están preparando. Y ya suenan cantos de sirena para atraer dinero en forma de nuevos equipos, nuevos programas y nuevas concertaciones, que se venderán como innovación necesaria. Pero se sabe que no todo vale, no todo es beneficioso, por eso las inversiones deben estar basadas en el mejor conocimiento científico, al desarrollar los atributos determinantes de la AP: garantizar la longitudinalidad, mejorar la accesibilidad a los referentes, potenciar los profesionales troncales y dar mayor capacidad de decisión a la AP dentro del sistema.
El 25% que se reclama es primordial para la recuperación de la AP, pero por sí solo no será suficiente
Las inversiones que necesita la AP son básicamente en profesionales y equipamientos. Los profesionales son el capital más importante de la AP, que con su «tecnología blanda» (el conocimiento de la persona y la comunidad, la escucha, el acompañamiento, la exploración física), son capaces de llevar a cabo las mejores intervenciones para cada persona y momento. De ahí que sea clave la longitudinalidad que pueden ofrecer sólo los profesionales con formación generalista, médicas, enfermeras y las a menudo olvidadas administrativas, que constituyen el «tronco» o núcleo de la AP.
Pep Martí denunciaba que se pudieron levantar en pocos meses cinco hospitales que han servido de poco (¡otra ineficiencia!) cuando hay una larga lista de CAP que llevan años esperando ser ampliados o construidos . El abandono de los equipamientos de la AP no tiene justificación y sólo puede explicarse por el escaso valor que se le da y por el escape de dinero hacia el sector privado, como es el caso de los servicios informáticos, el 061 o las centrales telefónicas.
Es la hora de la AP, de enfocar el sistema hacia ella, de darle oxígeno y poder clínico, de reorientar el papel de la atención especializada, de realizar cambios valientes que den la máxima utilidad a los 14.000 millones de euros que pueden llegar a contemplar los presupuestos de Salud para 2023. Ésta sería la verdadera innovación, poner el dinero donde más útiles son, hacer cambios consecuentes en la distribución de los recursos y poner la AP al frente del sistema. Porque, tal y como dice el cardiólogo Gonzalez-Juanatey : «Sin atención primaria liderando la medicina no habrá buena medicina en ningún caso».



21 comentarios
Herbal medicine cure me from diabetes and lupus respectively
I was suffering from Lupus and Type 2 diabetes for over 8yrs. I tried many recommended drugs by our family medical Doctor. none was able to cure me , at last became dependent on saferoom and metformin due to the weakness and constant pains, i found that life was just sinking & there was no way of hope. i read about a herbalist from african Dr Ofua Ofure online i decided to consult him through his contact i got WhatsApp (+2347059497969) and (thegreatherbalhealinghome@gmail.com ) for herbal treatments, cause i have read testimonies of his herbal medicine curing several people from different disease and infections online, two days later, I make order for the herbal medicine and a week later i receive it at my house here in Manitoba CA, After some couple of days taking this herbal medicine, Things started to change, The symptoms started to decrease , a week later all symptoms were gone permanently .
At this point i was saying to myself i cant wait to complete the dosage as instructed by him, I became fully free from all the symptoms of Type 2 diabetes and Lupus, at the completion of the dosage after 21 days. i feel healthy again and i rush down to the hospital for check up and the test result confirmed it that am now free from diabetes and Lupus, off which i told the medical Doctor how it was possible and gave him the herbalist Dr Ofua Ofure contact. am sharing this here for anyone who is having health issues either it been diabetes, lupus or any other disease/infections, should please contact Dr Ofua Ofure for lasting solution.
Martha Ivana
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I almost lost hope and faith after paying so much money for several failed IVF, SURROGACY and other medical fertility solutions. I almost cried my life out of me when I realized I was having nothing left with me, my marriage was almost gone. I have not conceived in the past 9years of marriage. I met a friend who was kind enough to introduce me to a spell caster “DR ONOBUN”, a powerful spell caster who she said had helped her with a lottery number that gave her more than a million dollars in the power-ball jackpot. At first, I resisted because I never wanted to have anything to do with magic or spell casting, but she told me that if this sorcerer could make her rich with accurate lottery numbers. She is confident that he [DR ONOBUN] can also restore my fertility. I thought of this for many days and finally gave Spell a chance to get my heart’s desire. After providing all that was required to get the spell done. Feb 15, 2024, was so great when I realized my monthly flow didn’t come as usual. That was when I felt the powerful spell of DR ONOBUN. Today I have my twins because DR ONOBUN powerful spell made it possible to become a mother. Thanks to him and his genuine powers, I do not know what your challenges or desires in life are right now. I’m very sure and confident that the DR ONOBUN spell can give you peace of mind. Contact him via email: [dronobunspiritualhome@gmail.com] Call or Whats-App him +2348051300199. I wish everyone success.
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